Homo Sapiens

Species homo of the genus Sapiens = wise

See Summary

    • Money is the most pluralistic system of mutual trust ever devised;
    • Capitalism is the most successful religion ever invented;
    • Treatment of animals in modern agriculture is probably the worst crime in history; and that even though we are far more powerful than our ancient ancestors, we aren’t much happier.”

Video

Yuval Harrari and Rutger Bregman

From Wikipedia

  1. The Cognitive Revolution (c. 70,000 BCE, when Sapiens evolved imagination).
    1.  development of language (and brains) to communicate about fiction due to  a random genetic mutation that enabled Sapiens to suddenly evolve new cognitive capacities
    2. Sapiens learned how to make up fictional ideas and believe in things that aren’t actually in the physical world
  2. The Agricultural Revolution (c. 10,000 BCE, the development of agriculture).
    1. collective power is what determines survival of a culture, we are left with an immensely strong culture that holds the entire world in its grasp-
  3. The unification of humankind (the gradual consolidation of human political organisations towards one global empire).
  4. The Scientific Revolution (c. 1500 CE, the emergence of objective science).
    1. willingness to admit ignorance, the centrality of observation and mathematics, and the acquisition of new powers.”

Chapters

  1. Sapiens A Brief History of Humankind
  2. The Tree of Knowledge
  3. A Day in the Life of Adam and Eve
  4. The Flood
  5. Part Two The Agricultural Revolution
  6. The Building of Pyramids
  7. memory Overload
  8. There is no Justice in History
  9. Part Three The Unification of Humankind
  10. The Scent of Money
  11. Imperial Visions
  12. The LAw of religion .. Dualistic religions
  13. Ther Secret of Success
  14. Part Four The Scientific Revolution… While the Germans
  15. The Marriage of Science and Empire… Many Scholars Argue
  16. The Capitalist Creed… Both loans are to be
  17. The Wheels of Industry
  18. A Permanent revolution….. All this changed dramaticallyover the last two
  19. And they lived happily ever after
  20. The end of Homo Sapiens

Afterword The Animal that became a God

13.5 billions – Big Bang

  • 300, 000 years later – atoms molecules –
    • Study of these molecules is called Chemistry
  • 3.8billion – ago organisms
    • Study of these organisms is called Biology
    • 2.5million years – animals like humans
        • Other genus homo
          • East Africa Genus Homo australopithecus (Southern Ape)
            • Evolved into
              • Homo Rudolphensis from Lake Rudolph

              • homo rudolfensis
              • Homo Augusta
              • Homo Sapiens
            • Some of the Australopathecus left and went to the North  Africa and Europe and Asia and evolved into the following
              • Northern Europe and Western Asia Home to neanderthalensis (bulky and Muscular – Adapted to cold
              • Eastern Asia – Homo erectus – survived for 2 million years
              • Indonesia – Island of Java – Homo soloensis tropics
              • On another island of Indonesia  – called Flores – dwarfing Homo floresiensis
              • Siberia Homo denisova recently discovered
A model of the evolution of the genus Homo over the last 2 million years (vertical axis). The rapid “Out of Africa” expansion of H. sapiens is indicated at the top of the diagram, with admixture indicated with Neanderthals, Denisovans, and unspecified archaic African hominins. Late survival of robust australopithecines (Paranthropus) alongside Homo until 1.2 Mya is indicated in purple.

Successive dispersals of Homo erectus (yellow), Homo neanderthalensis (ochre) and Homo sapiens (red).
  • 70,000
      • Cognitive revolution homo sapiens formed cultures
        • Study of Cultures is called History
  • 12,000 years ago –
      • Agricultural revolution
  • 500 years ago
      • Scientific revolution